The SESAR 3 JU has identified the following innovative research elements that could be used to meet the challenge described above and achieve the expected outcomes.

• Enhancing civil–military operations. Τhis element will aim to identify new challenges related to the development of CDM processes for improved civil–military coordination, covering both manned and unmanned military remote piloted assets of all categories (e.g., large MALE-type RPAS, hybrid/heterogeneous formations, drone swarms, etc.). Research aims also at tackling different standards in design of both military and civil aerodromes (R&I need: access to airspace).
• Access to airspace. This is a precondition for accommodating civil and military operations in the same airspace (R&I need: access to airspace).
• Fully automated FUA process. Research aims at developing potential solutions for a fully automated FUA process able to accommodate military needs supported by higher levels of automation and to address the challenging demands for more airspace that come hand-in-hand with the introduction of new generation of military aircraft, and the inclusion of UAS into controlled airspace (R&I need: access to airspace).
• ATM civil-military interoperability in support of disaster/crisis management. Research aims at developing potential solutions to advance civil-military interoperability through the design and development of easy-to-use, digitally supported information exchanges to better manage, from the ATM perspective, potential crisis and/or disasters.
• Performance management. The complex interdependencies between civil and military stakeholders need to be examined to enable appropriate performance measurement in a spirit of balanced consideration between national security and defence requirements (including potential non-negotiable ones as defined by the States), financial feasibility and commercial needs (R&I need: performance orientation).
• Development of innovative civil-military cooperation and coordination indicators. Civil-military cooperation indicators available in the SESAR performance framework allow a limited assessment of the improvement of civil-military coordination concepts in terms of civil and military flight efficiency the effectiveness of the coordination processes. Research aims at developing these indicators and/or propose new innovative ones.
• Digitalisation for airspace management (ASM) and mission trajectory management (MTM). Digitalisation for ASM and MTM will allow better integration of military requirements within ATM network operations. This enables the optimisation of trade-off between operational efficiency, flexibility and predictability of operations. Research addresses the potential application of predictive algorithms and statistical techniques for the exploitation of data in the cloud and relational and non-relational big data techniques with the aim of creating AI models, extracting information and exploiting the results in ASM and MTM.
• Improved security of military operations. This research element covers two separate aspects of protecting aviation data confidentiality: anonymization and confidentiality.