Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service evolution: new methods to advance substantially in the modelling of secondary aerosols and their interlinks with gas phase primary aerosols, as well as with gas and aqueous. The projects should take into account the existing service and clearly define to what extent the service will be improved with new elements or products, including the use of enhanced models, algorithms, tools and techniques to generate new products. The main output of the project should be tools and methodologies that can be readily transferred for improving aerosol representation in CAMS operational global and regional systems. The proposal should develop activities that will improve the quality of the aerosol variables in the CAMS global and regional analyses, forecasts and reanalyses, as well as of the CAMS solar radiation products.

Copernicus Climate Change Service evolution: The proposal should underpin the creation of tools to monitor these events, attribute them to climate variability and change and, whenever possible, project changes in their likelihood. Proposals are expected to provide tangible results (new or improved products or service elements) for the Copernicus service. The research should be performed using existing Copernicus datasets for identifying natural hazard events at continental (Europe) and global scales, and existing methods, models (including local), tools and observations available at the different Copernicus Services. Examples of high-impact weather-driven natural hazards include, but are not limited to, floods, droughts, wildfires, desert dust storms, storm surges, heatwaves.

Research activities: to develop new and innovative methods to improve the numerical requirements (accuracy, mass-conservation) for the numerical schemes in the CO2MVS system for of atmospheric CO2 and other relevant tracers in the CAMS/CO2MVS capacity to accurately estimate CO2 emissions and to improve the numerical schemes used in the CO2MVS capacity systems based on accurate metrics. The activities should support the further development of the foreseen European operational monitoring support capacity for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The activities, as described in the Guidance document, should address a series of scientific and critical system design issues, which were defined following outcomes of the CHE project and based on recommendations from the CO2 monitoring Task Force.