The proposed actions should address all the following aspects:

• Development of vehicle crashworthiness and advanced safety solutions in order to protect passengers and mitigate injury risk in unavoidable collisions also with new, unconventional seating positions and body postures, considering new protection principles and taking into account all situations and conditions for the application of such systems (for example in shared automated road vehicles). This also includes the identification of new accident configurations and adaptations to the structural layout of vehicles.
• Development of empathic HMI solutions, which includes a framework for modelling human emotions, in order to enable natural and intuitive interaction of CAVs with the driver, passengers and with other road users (including unprotected ones) also in mixed traffic situations.
• Monitoring approaches and simulation models to detect and assess occupant status (including health) and level and point of attention of the driver, enabling appropriate HMI, linked also to the new intelligent protection systems in order to fully leverage their potential in terms of adapting to different seating positions, body postures, occupant sizes etc., including gender, age, and ability differences.
• Improved solutions to address situations in which human drivers are expected to seamlessly resume control, for example when the limit of the ODD is approaching.
• Recommendations for user-centric HMI design guidelines and for an extension of the European Statement of Principles for human-machine interaction (ESoP) towards automated vehicles should be derived, taking into account also the interaction with unprotected road users and other non-automated, non-connected vehicles.
• Development of assessment tools for the developed protection technologies and advanced safety solutions in order to support the definition of safety requirements, standards (e.g. UNECE) and the analysis of potential needs for the adaptation of traffic rules.

In order to achieve the expected outcomes, international cooperation is advised, in particular with projects or partners from the US, Japan, Canada, South Korea, Singapore, Australia.