Small-scale biorefineries have the potential to offer diversification opportunities for primary producers and local rural stakeholders by:

• processing their biomass directly at source (shortening logistic chains and avoiding degradation, increasing production value) to produce new biorefinery products based on the circular use of local resources, and/or
• providing additional sources of income in rural areas and supporting the economy of scale with new biorefinery products based on the circular use of local resources.

While some small-scale and/or modular biorefinery solutions, such as the EIP-OG Biorefinery Glas and BBI IA-DEMO AGRI-MAX, have already been successfully demonstrated, both technical and non-technical barriers still exist that prevent the broad implementation in Europe. Downscaling in particular poses a challenge in maintaining process- and cost-efficiency competitive with large scale processes that can exploit economy of scale. Smart and integrated process designs, as well as circular processes maximising the material use, can provide innovative solutions, while maximising the environmental benefits and bringing more value to the concerned rural actors.

Proposals under this topic should:

• Demonstrate the technical suitability and economic viability of small scale decentralised biorefinery concepts, which may include modular and mobile units, in rural areas, thereby considering safety and security issues for the operators of the plant and the possible interferences with the rural landscape (e.g. in terms of biodiversity).
• Develop, demonstrate and validate resource-efficient technologies with a view to add value to locally available resources (underutilised biomass; by-products; residues; solid, liquid and gaseous waste and residual streams) at the point of origin, either as feedstock for conversion, or as process medium or growing medium for feedstock for further conversion.
• Seek synergies with the existing regional food, feed, or bioenergy value chains to further strengthen their economic and environmental sustainability in line with the cascading principle of biomass use. In the context of CBE JU food, feed, and bioenergy (including biofuels) as main products are out of scope, but the related existing value chains can be involved. Food and feed ingredients and soil nutrients are in scope.
• Assess the environmental (including elimination / reduction of pollution from the processing operations) and socio-economic performance of the demonstrated value chains.
• Evaluate the replication potential of the small-scale biorefinery concept, provide a sound business plan and training material in particular for primary producers and other rural actors.
• Ensure an active involvement and profit sharing of primary producers in the value system.
• Cooperate, if applicable, with central hubs, such as local and regional hubs, distribution centres, collection and processing points for further processing steps.